Chronic Eczema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

What is Chronic Eczema?

Chronic eczema is a persistent skin condition that flares up periodically, causing red, dry, and itchy skin. It can appear anywhere on the body and significantly affect the quality of life. Unlike temporary rashes, chronic eczema requires long-term management and care.

Causes of Chronic Eczema

1. Genetic Factors – Family history of eczema, allergies, or asthma.
2. Immune System Dysregulation – Overactive immune responses lead to inflammation.
3. Environmental Triggers – Exposure to allergens, pollutants, and irritants.
4. Skin Barrier Dysfunction – Lack of essential lipids causes excessive dryness and susceptibility to irritants.
5. Stress and Hormonal Changes – Emotional stress and hormonal shifts can trigger flare-ups.
6. Food Sensitivities – Dairy, nuts, and gluten may exacerbate symptoms in some individuals.

Symptoms of Chronic Eczema

• Persistent itchiness and irritation
• Dry, scaly, or cracked skin
• Red or brownish patches, especially on hands, feet, and face
• Formation of small, fluid-filled blisters that may ooze
• Thickened, leathery skin in long-term cases

Types of Eczema with Pictures

1. Atopic Dermatitis – Most common type, often seen in children.
2. Contact Dermatitis – Triggered by irritants or allergens.
3. Nummular Eczema – Coin-shaped patches of irritated skin.
4. Dyshidrotic Eczema – Small, itchy blisters on hands and feet.
5. Seborrheic Dermatitis – Affects the scalp, leading to dandruff.
6. Stasis Dermatitis – Associated with poor circulation in the legs.

Treatment Options for Chronic Eczema

1. Topical Treatments:
   • Corticosteroid creams to reduce inflammation.
   • Moisturizers to strengthen the skin barrier.
   • Calcineurin inhibitors for moderate to severe cases.
2. Oral Medications:
   • Antihistamines to control itching.
   • Immunosuppressants for severe cases.
   • JAK inhibitors as new targeted therapy.
3. Lifestyle and Home Remedies:
   • Use fragrance-free soaps and skincare products.
   • Wear loose-fitting, breathable clothing.
   • Maintain proper hydration and a balanced diet.
   • Avoid known allergens and irritants.
4. Innovative Treatments:
   • Phototherapy – UV light exposure to reduce inflammation.
   • Biologic Therapies – Targeted treatments like Dupilumab.
   • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) – Acupuncture and herbal remedies.

Is Eczema Contagious?

No, eczema is not contagious. It is an autoimmune condition that cannot be transmitted through skin contact.