Chronic Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Chronic gastritis is a condition characterized by prolonged inflammation of the stomach lining, which can gradually weaken the stomach’s protective barrier. It is a common gastrointestinal disorder that may progress if left untreated, leading to complications such as stomach ulcers, bleeding, and, in some cases, an increased risk of gastric cancer. The primary causes of chronic gastritis include bacterial infections (especially H. pylori), excessive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol intake, and autoimmune reactions where the immune system attacks stomach cells.

Symptoms of chronic gastritis vary in severity and may include indigestion, bloating, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and loss of appetite. In some cases, individuals may experience unexplained weight loss or anemia due to poor absorption of essential nutrients like vitamin B12. Diagnosing chronic gastritis typically requires endoscopy, biopsies, and tests to detect H. pylori infection.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antibiotics for H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid, and dietary changes to avoid irritating foods. While chronic gastritis can often be managed effectively, early diagnosis and consistent treatment are crucial for preventing severe complications. Adopting a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and stress management can aid in recovery and symptom relief.

Chronic Gastritis Symptoms

• Upper abdominal pain or discomfort
• Nausea and vomiting
• Bloating and excessive gas
• Loss of appetite
• Unexplained weight loss
• Indigestion and heartburn
• Black or tarry stools (sign of bleeding)
• Fatigue due to anemia

Chronic Gastritis Treatment

Medications

• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): Omeprazole, Pantoprazole (reduce stomach acid)
• H2 Blockers: Ranitidine, Famotidine (reduce acid production)
• Antibiotics: Used for H. pylori eradication (e.g., amoxicillin, clarithromycin)
• Antacids: Neutralize stomach acid for quick relief
• Cytoprotective Agents: Help protect the stomach lining (e.g., sucralfate, bismuth subsalicylate)

Dietary Changes

• Avoid spicy, acidic, and fatty foods
• Eat smaller, frequent meals
• Include probiotic-rich foods (yogurt, kefir)
• Stay hydrated and avoid alcohol

Lifestyle Adjustments

• Manage stress through relaxation techniques
• Quit smoking
• Limit NSAID use or take protective medications

Can Gastritis Kill You?

While chronic gastritis itself is not fatal, complications such as stomach ulcers, internal bleeding, and an increased risk of stomach cancer can develop if left untreated.

Chronic Gastritis Causes

• H. pylori infection (most common cause)
• Long-term NSAID use (e.g., ibuprofen, aspirin)
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Autoimmune disorders (e.g., pernicious anemia)
• Chronic stress and poor diet

How to Cure Gastritis Permanently

• Eliminate H. pylori infection with antibiotics
• Follow a gastritis-friendly diet (low in acidic and spicy foods)
• Reduce stomach acid production with PPIs and antacids
• Maintain a stress-free lifestyle
• Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption

Mild Chronic Gastritis Without H. pylori

Some individuals develop chronic gastritis without an H. pylori infection, often due to:

• Excessive use of NSAIDs
• Autoimmune conditions
• Stress-induced gastritis
• Diet-related inflammation

Chronic Gastritis Types

1. Type A Gastritis – Autoimmune-related, affects the stomach’s body, linked to vitamin B12 deficiency.
2. Type B Gastritis – Caused by H. pylori infection, affecting the lower stomach.
3. Type C Gastritis – Triggered by chemicals, NSAIDs, bile reflux, or alcohol.

Can Chronic Gastritis Be Cured?

With proper treatment, many cases of chronic gastritis can be controlled or resolved. However, autoimmune gastritis and cases linked to long-term damage may require ongoing management.