Lung cancer is a serious disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs, which can spread to other parts of the body. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection and treatment are critical for improving survival rates.
What is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer develops when cells in the lungs begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors that interfere with normal lung function. It is categorized into two main types:
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) – The most common form, accounting for about 85% of cases.
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) – A more aggressive type that spreads quickly.
Lung Cancer Causes
Lung cancer is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to carcinogens, with the most common risk factors including:
- Smoking – The leading cause, responsible for around 85% of cases.
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure – Increases risk even in non-smokers.
- Air Pollution – Long-term exposure to pollutants can contribute to lung cancer.
- Radon Gas – A naturally occurring radioactive gas that can accumulate indoors.
- Genetic Factors – Family history may increase susceptibility.
Lung Cancer Symptoms
Early-stage lung cancer may not show symptoms, but as the disease progresses, common signs include:
- Persistent cough that worsens over time
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
- Hoarseness
- Fatigue
- Frequent lung infections (e.g., pneumonia or bronchitis)
Types of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is categorized into different types, each with its own characteristics and treatment approaches:
- Adenocarcinoma – The most common subtype of NSCLC, often found in non-smokers.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Associated with smoking, typically located near the bronchial tubes.
- Large Cell Carcinoma – A less common type with rapid growth.
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) – Aggressive and spreads quickly to other organs.
Lung Cancer Survival Rate
Survival rates depend on the stage of detection:
- Stage 1: 5-year survival rate of about 60-80%.
- Stage 2: 5-year survival rate of 30-50%.
- Stage 3: 5-year survival rate of 10-25%.
- Stage 4: 5-year survival rate below 5%.
Lung Cancer Treatment Options
1. Surgery
Surgical removal of the tumor is effective for early-stage lung cancer.
Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells, often combined with other treatments.
Drugs used to kill cancer cells, typically for more advanced stages.
A more precise approach that targets specific cancer cell mutations.
Enhances the immune system’s ability to fight cancer cells.
TCM, including herbal medicine and acupuncture, is used alongside conventional treatments to improve patient outcomes and reduce side effects.
An emerging treatment to repair damaged tissues and support immune function.
