Osteoporosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

What is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease that leads to a reduction in bone density and quality, increasing the risk of fractures. The condition is often referred to as a "silent disease" because it progresses without noticeable symptoms until a bone breaks.

Osteoporosis Causes

• Aging: Bone mass naturally declines with age.
• Hormonal Changes: Menopause and low testosterone levels contribute to bone loss.
• Poor Nutrition: A diet deficient in calcium and vitamin D weakens bones.
• Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of weight-bearing exercise reduces bone strength.
• Medical Conditions: Autoimmune diseases, thyroid disorders, and chronic kidney disease increase risk.
• Medications: Long-term use of corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and proton pump inhibitors can contribute to osteoporosis.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is often asymptomatic in its early stages. However, as it progresses, individuals may experience:

• Back pain caused by fractured or collapsed vertebrae
• Loss of height over time
• A stooped posture
• Increased risk of fractures, particularly in the hips, wrists, and spine

Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

• Bone Density Test (DXA Scan): Measures bone mineral density.
• Blood Tests: Checks calcium, vitamin D, and hormone levels.
• X-rays: Detect fractures and assess bone structure.

Stages of Osteoporosis

1. Normal Bone Mass: Healthy bone density with no signs of osteoporosis.
2. Osteopenia: Lower-than-normal bone density but not severe enough to be osteoporosis.
3. Osteoporosis: Significant loss of bone mass leading to increased fracture risk.
4. Severe Osteoporosis: Advanced bone loss with frequent fractures and severe pain.

Osteoporosis Treatment

Treatment focuses on slowing bone loss and reducing fracture risk. Common approaches include:

• Medications: Bisphosphonates, hormone therapy, and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., denosumab).
• Nutritional Support: Increasing calcium and vitamin D intake through diet or supplements.
• Physical Therapy & Exercise: Weight-bearing and resistance exercises to strengthen bones.
• Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and preventing falls.
• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Herbal treatments and acupuncture to improve bone strength.
• Innovative Therapies: Stem cell therapy and targeted treatments for severe cases.

Osteoporosis Prevention

• Maintain a Balanced Diet: Eat calcium-rich foods like dairy products, leafy greens, and nuts.
• Exercise Regularly: Engage in weight-bearing exercises such as walking, jogging, and resistance training.
• Get Enough Vitamin D: Sun exposure and vitamin D supplements help calcium absorption.
• Avoid Smoking & Excessive Alcohol: These habits contribute to bone loss.