Understanding Ulcerative Colitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

What Causes Ulcerative Colitis?

The exact cause remains unknown, but the following factors contribute to its development:

• Genetic predisposition – A family history of UC increases risk.
• Autoimmune response – The immune system mistakenly attacks the colon.
• Environmental triggers – Diet, stress, and infections may worsen symptoms.
• Microbiome imbalance – Changes in gut bacteria can influence inflammation.

Ulcerative Colitis Symptoms

The symptoms of UC vary based on severity and the affected portion of the colon. Common symptoms include:

✅ Persistent diarrhea, sometimes with blood or mucus

✅ Abdominal cramps and pain (typically in the lower left side)

✅ Unintended weight loss

✅ Fatigue and weakness

✅ Urgency to have bowel movements

✅ Fever and night sweats during flare-ups

✅ Anemia due to chronic blood loss

Ulcerative Colitis in Females

Women with UC may experience worsening symptoms during menstruation due to hormonal fluctuations. The disease can also affect fertility and pregnancy, requiring specialized treatment plans.

Ulcerative Colitis Pain Location

Pain associated with UC typically occurs in the lower left abdomen, but it can spread across the lower digestive tract in severe cases.

Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosis

Doctors use a combination of:

• Colonoscopy & Biopsy – To assess colon inflammation and ulcers.
• Blood Tests – To check for anemia and inflammation markers.
• Stool Tests – To rule out infections and assess inflammation levels.
• Imaging (CT or MRI scans) – To detect complications like abscesses.

Ulcerative Colitis Diet & Nutrition

Certain foods can trigger or ease UC symptoms. Recommended foods include:

🥑 Healthy fats (avocados, olive oil)

🥦 Low-fiber vegetables

🐟 Omega-3-rich fish (salmon, sardines)

🍚 Easily digestible grains (white rice, oatmeal)

🥩 Lean proteins (chicken, eggs, tofu)

How to Manage and Treat Ulcerative Colitis

There is no permanent cure for ulcerative colitis, but treatments aim to reduce inflammation and maintain remission.

1. Medications for Ulcerative Colitis

• Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) – First-line treatment to control inflammation.
• Corticosteroids – Used for short-term flare-up control.
• Immunosuppressants – Reduce immune system overactivity.
• Biologic Therapy – Targets specific inflammatory pathways.
• Antibiotics for Colitis – Used if bacterial infections contribute to inflammation.

2. Innovative & Emerging Treatments

• Stem Cell Therapy – Helps regenerate damaged intestinal tissues.
• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) – Uses acupuncture and herbal medicine to support gut health.
• Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) – Restores gut bacteria balance.
• JAK Inhibitors – A newer class of medications for moderate-to-severe UC.

3. Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis

For severe cases where medications fail, surgical removal of the colon (colectomy) may be necessary. This can be curative but requires lifestyle adjustments.