What is Joint Surgery?

Joint surgery is a medical procedure designed to repair or replace a damaged joint with an artificial implant. The most common types include:

• Total Joint Replacement (TJR): Full replacement of the joint with a prosthetic.
• Partial Joint Replacement: Only the damaged part of the joint is replaced.
• Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgery for diagnosing and treating joint conditions.
• Osteotomy: Bone reshaping to relieve pressure on joints.

Diseases Treated with Joint Surgery

• Osteoarthritis – The leading cause of joint replacement.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis – Chronic inflammatory disease causing joint damage.
• Joint Trauma or Injury – Severe fractures or ligament tears.
• Avascular Necrosis – Loss of blood supply to the bone leading to joint deterioration.
• Congenital Joint Disorders – Birth defects affecting joint alignment.

Types of Joint Surgeries

1. Hip Replacement Surgery – Total or partial replacement of the hip joint.
2. Knee Replacement Surgery – Common for arthritis patients.
3. Shoulder Replacement Surgery – Restores function in the shoulder joint.
4. Ankle and Wrist Joint Surgery – Less common but available for severe joint damage.

How is Joint Surgery Performed?

1. Preoperative Consultation – Medical assessment and imaging.
2. Surgical Procedure – Under general or regional anesthesia.
3. Implant Placement – Artificial joint materials used (metal, ceramic, plastic).
4. Post-Surgery Recovery – Physical therapy and rehabilitation.

Possible Complications of Joint Surgery

• Infection at the surgical site
• Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis)
• Nerve damage
• Joint stiffness or implant loosening
• Persistent pain or limited mobility